Kuchiza pamwamba pa mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko

Ⅰ-AsidiKutola

1.- Tanthauzo la Pickling Acid: Ma Acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa sikelo ya iron oxide pamlingo wina, kutentha, ndi liwiro, zomwe zimatchedwa pickling.

2.- Acid-Pickling classification: Malingana ndi mtundu wa asidi, amagawidwa kukhala sulfuric acid pickling, hydrochloric acid pickling, nitric acid pickling, ndi hydrofluoric acid pickling. Osiyana TV ayenera kusankhidwa pickling zochokera zinthu za zitsulo, monga pickling mpweya zitsulo ndi asidi sulfuric ndi hydrochloric acid, kapena pickling zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi osakaniza nitric asidi ndi hydrofluoric acid.

Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a chitsulo, amagawidwa kukhala pickling waya, pickling, pickling zitsulo, pickling, etc.

Kutengera ndi mtundu wa zida zonyamula, zimagawidwa m'matanki, pickling mosalekeza, pickling mosalekeza, ndi pickling nsanja.

3.- Mfundo ya pickling ya asidi: Kutolera kwa asidi ndi njira yochotsera masikelo a chitsulo okusayidi pazitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira za mankhwala, choncho imatchedwanso chemical acid pickling. Masikelo achitsulo okusayidi (Fe203, Fe304, Fe0) opangidwa pamwamba pa mipope yachitsulo ndi osayidi wofunikira omwe sasungunuka m'madzi. Akamizidwa mumchere wa asidi kapena kupopera ndi madzi a asidi pamwamba, osayidi wofunikirawa amatha kusintha kusintha kwa mankhwala ndi asidi.

Chifukwa cha kutayikira, porous, ndi kusweka kwa sikelo ya okusayidi pamwamba pa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mpweya kapena chitsulo chochepa cha aloyi, kuphatikizidwa ndi kupindika mobwerezabwereza kwa sikelo ya okusayidi pamodzi ndi chitsulo chamzere pakuwongola, kuwongola kwamphamvu, komanso kuyenda pamizere yonyamula, ming'alu ya pore iyi imachulukirachulukira ndikukulirakulira. Chifukwa chake, asidi amadzimadzi amakumana ndi sikelo ya oxide monga momwe amachitira komanso amalumikizana ndi chitsulo chapansi panthaka kudzera m'ming'alu ndi pores. Ndiko kunena kuti, kumayambiriro kwa kutsuka kwa asidi, zinthu zitatu zamagulu pakati pa chitsulo oxide sikelo ndi chitsulo chitsulo ndi asidi njira ikuchitika nthawi imodzi mamba chitsulo okusayidi amakumana mankhwala anachita ndi asidi ndi kusungunuka (kusungunuka) Chitsulo chitsulo amakumana ndi asidi kupanga mpweya wa haidrojeni, amene umakaniko peels pa sikelo oxide (mechanical oxides osayidi ndi peeling zotsatira). ku machitidwe a asidi, kenako amachitira ndi zidulo kuti zichotsedwe (kuchepetsa).

Ⅱ-Passivation/Kuletsa/Kuletsa

1.- Passivation mfundo: The passivation limagwirira akhoza kufotokozedwa ndi woonda filimu chiphunzitso, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti passivation chifukwa cha kugwirizana pakati pa zitsulo ndi oxidizing zinthu, kupanga woonda kwambiri, wandiweyani, bwino yokutidwa, ndi mwamphamvu adsorbed passivation filimu pamwamba zitsulo. Kanemayu amakhala ngati gawo lodziyimira pawokha, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi okosijeni. Zimagwira ntchito yolekanitsa zitsulo kuchokera ku zowonongeka zowonongeka, kuteteza zitsulo kuti zisagwirizane ndi zowonongeka zowonongeka, potero zimayimitsa kusungunuka kwachitsulo ndikupanga dziko lopanda pake kuti likwaniritse zotsatira zotsutsana ndi zowonongeka.

2.- Ubwino wa passivation:

1) Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zosindikizira thupi, chithandizo cha passivation chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osachulukitsa makulidwe a chogwirira ntchito ndikusintha mtundu, kuwongolera kulondola komanso kuwonjezereka kwa chinthucho, kupangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta;

2) Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa njira yopititsira patsogolo, wothandizila amatha kuwonjezeredwa mobwerezabwereza ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa moyo wautali komanso ndalama zambiri.

3) Passivation amalimbikitsa mapangidwe mpweya mpweya dongosolo passivation filimu pamwamba zitsulo, amene ali yaying'ono ndi okhazikika mu ntchito, ndipo ali kudzikonza yekha mphamvu mu mlengalenga nthawi yomweyo. Choncho, poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe njira ❖ kuyanika odana rust mafuta, ndi passivation filimu yopangidwa ndi passivation ndi khola ndi dzimbiri kugonjetsedwa. Zambiri mwazomwe zimapangidwira mu oxide wosanjikiza zimagwirizana mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina ndi njira ya okosijeni yamafuta. Pakutentha kwa 800-1250 ℃, njira yotulutsa okosijeni pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wouma, mpweya wonyowa, kapena mpweya wamadzi imakhala ndi magawo atatu osalekeza. Choyamba, mpweya wa m'mlengalenga umalowa m'kati mwa oxide wosanjikiza, ndiyeno mpweya umafalikira mkati mwa silicon dioxide. Ikafika pa mawonekedwe a Si02-Si, imakumana ndi silicon kupanga silicon dioxide yatsopano. Mwanjira imeneyi, njira yopitilira ya kufalikira kwa okosijeni imachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti silicon yomwe ili pafupi ndi mawonekedwewo isinthe mosalekeza kukhala silika, ndipo wosanjikiza wa oxide umakula molowera mkati mwa silicon wafer pamlingo wina.

Ⅲ-Phosphating

Chithandizo cha Phosphating ndi mankhwala omwe amapanga filimu (phosphating film) pamwamba. Njira yothandizira phosphating imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazitsulo zazitsulo, ndi cholinga chopereka filimu yotetezera kuti iwononge zitsulo kuchokera ku mpweya ndikuletsa dzimbiri; Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati choyambira pazinthu zina musanapente. Ndi filimuyi ya phosphating iyi, imatha kupititsa patsogolo kumamatira ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa wosanjikiza wa utoto, kupititsa patsogolo zokongoletsa, ndikupanga chitsulo chowoneka bwino kwambiri. Itha kugwiranso ntchito yopaka mafuta munjira zina zozizira zachitsulo.

Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha phosphating, chogwiriracho sichidzawotcha kapena dzimbiri kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a phosphating ndikokulirapo komanso njira yochizira yachitsulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga magalimoto, zombo, ndi kupanga makina.

1.- Gulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito phosphating

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chapamwamba chimapereka mtundu wosiyana, koma chithandizo cha phosphating chimatha kutengera zosowa zenizeni pogwiritsa ntchito ma phosphating osiyanasiyana kuti awonetse mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri timawona chithandizo cha phosphating mu imvi, mtundu, kapena wakuda.

Iron phosphating: pambuyo phosphating, pamwamba adzawonetsa utawaleza mtundu ndi buluu, choncho amatchedwanso mtundu phosphorous. Yankho la phosphating makamaka limagwiritsa ntchito molybdate ngati zopangira, zomwe zimapanga filimu ya utawaleza wa phosphating pamwamba pa zitsulo zachitsulo, komanso zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupenta pansi, kuti akwaniritse kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa workpiece ndikuwongolera kumamatira kwa zokutira pamwamba.