Mu mafakitale omwe alipo masiku ano, njira zopukutira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimagawidwa m'magulu anayi: kupukuta kwa makina, kupukuta kwa mankhwala, kupukuta kwa electrolytic, ndi kupukuta kwamadzimadzi. Mfundo ndi makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito a njira iliyonse zimasiyana kwambiri, zimafuna kusankha molondola kutengera kapangidwe ka chinthu, mtundu wa zinthu, ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi zina, "njira yopangira zinthu" (monga kupukuta kosakanizika kwa makina + kupukuta bwino kwa electrolytic) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti iwonjezere magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Kupukuta kwa Makina: Mfundo yopukuta kwa makina imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida monga mawilo opukutira, mawilo a ulusi, ndi mawilo a ubweya pamodzi ndi zopukutira kuti mudule pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zolakwika zimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo kusakhazikika kwa pamwamba kumachepetsedwa kudzera mu kupukuta kosakhazikika, kupukuta kwapakati, ndi kupukuta bwino. Mfundo zazikulu zogwirira ntchito: Kupukuta kosakhazikika kumagwiritsa ntchito gudumu lopukutira la grit 80-120 kuchotsa zizindikiro zomangira; kupukuta kwapakati kumagwiritsa ntchito gudumu la ulusi wa grit 400-800 kuti muyeretse pamwamba; ndipo kupukuta bwino kumagwiritsa ntchito phala lopukuta la diamondi limodzi ndi gudumu la ubweya kuti lipeze kunyezimira kwakukulu. Mu ndondomeko yonseyi, liwiro ndi kupanikizika ziyenera kulamulidwa kuti zipewe kutentha kwambiri komwe kungayambitse kusintha kwa chitsulo. Ubwino ndi zofooka: Mtengo wotsika, kulamulira kwakukulu, koyenera mitundu yonse ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri; komabe, ili ndi mphamvu yochepa yopukuta pazida zovuta (monga mabowo amkati, ulusi, ndi mitu ya tee) ndipo imakonda kulakwitsa anthu. **Zinthu Zoyenera Kuchita:** Zinthu zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri komanso zopindika, monga mbale zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ma flange a ma valve, zolumikizira mapaipi wamba, ndi mapanelo omanga.
**Kupukuta Mankhwala:**
**Mfundo:** Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yosankha ya nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid, imawononga zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zili pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale posalala. Sipafunikira magetsi kapena zida zovuta.
**Malo Ogwirira Ntchito:** Yang'anirani mosamala chiŵerengero cha yankho lopukuta (onjezerani 5-10% glycerin kuti mupewe dzimbiri lochuluka) ndi kutentha (60-80℃). Tsukani nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi opanda ayoni mukamaliza kupukuta ndikuchepetsa asidi wotsalira ndi yankho la sodium bicarbonate.
**Ubwino ndi Zofooka:** Imatha kukonza zinthu zambiri nthawi imodzi, imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, imakhala yotsika mtengo, yoyenera zinthu zokhala ndi makoma ochepa komanso nyumba zovuta; komabe, kukonza njira yoyeretsera zinyalala ndikokwera mtengo, ndipo n'kovuta kuwongolera kufanana kwa zinthu zovuta pamwamba.
**Zinthu Zoyenera Kuchita:** Kupanga zinthu zazing'ono komanso zovuta kwambiri, monga zomangira zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zomangira mapaipi ang'onoang'ono molondola, ndi zowonjezera za zida za kukhitchini.
**Kupukuta kwa Mankhwala:** Kupukuta kwa Electrolytic
Mfundo: Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ngati anode, mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu electrolyte ya phosphoric acid-sulfuric acid. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya "electrochemical anodic dissolving," kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusungunuka mwachangu komanso kusinthasintha kwa microscopic, pomwe nthawi yomweyo kupanga gawo lolimba la passivation. Mfundo Zofunikira Zogwirira Ntchito: Yang'anirani kutentha kwa electrolyte kufika pa 55-60℃, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kufika pa 15-50 A/dm², ndi nthawi yopukuta kufika pa mphindi 5-10. Chithandizo chotsatira cha nitric acid passivation chikufunika kuti chiwonjezere kukana dzimbiri. Ubwino ndi Zolepheretsa: Kulondola kwambiri kwa kupukuta, ndi kukhwima kwa pamwamba kufika pansi pa Ra0.05μm, komanso kukana dzimbiri kwapamwamba poyerekeza ndi kupukuta kwa makina; komabe, ndalama zambiri zamagetsi ndi ntchito zaukadaulo zimafunika, apo ayi kupotoza kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwa mitundu kungachitike. Zochitika Zoyenera: Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi zofunikira zolimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi kutsiriza pamwamba, monga zida zamankhwala, makina azakudya, zida zotsukira, ndi mapaipi a mankhwala olondola.
Kupukuta Madzimadzi
Mfundo: Pogwiritsa ntchito pampu yothamanga kwambiri kuti ipereke madzi okhuthala (silicon carbide powder + polymer medium), kudula kwa microscopic kumachitika poyenda pamwamba pa workpiece. Iyi ndi ukadaulo wa "kupukuta kosinthasintha". Mfundo Zofunikira Zogwirira Ntchito: Sankhani kukula kwa grit yokhuthala malinga ndi kukula kwa dzenje la workpiece ndi kapangidwe kake, ndikuwongolera kuthamanga kwa kupompa ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. Abrasive ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso. Ubwino ndi Zolepheretsa: Imatha kuthana ndi ma angles akufa omwe njira zachikhalidwe sizingafikire, monga mabowo amkati, mabowo olumikizana, ndi mabowo osawona; komabe, nthawi yokonza workpiece imodzi ndi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera magulu ang'onoang'ono a zigawo zolondola. Zochitika Zoyenera: Kupukuta zigawo zovuta monga ma tees achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zolumikizira mapaipi amkati zolondola, ndi manja a hydraulic valve.
Kuphatikiza apo, kupukuta kwachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pamwamba, monga 2D (matte), 2B (yosalala bwino, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri), BA (yowala kwambiri), Nambala 4 (yowunikira mofanana), HL (yopukutidwa ndi burashi), ndi Nambala 8 (galasi). Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagwirizana ndi kuphatikizana kosiyanasiyana kwa njira zopukuta ndipo ndi zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za zomwe zimapangidwa popanga mafakitale.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-22-2026