Ma plate a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri a 201 ndi 304 ndi awiri mwa mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kuli mu kapangidwe ka mankhwala (kuchuluka kwa nickel ndi chromium), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu pakukana dzimbiri, mawonekedwe a makina, mtengo, ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Pansipa pali kufananiza kwatsatanetsatane:
1. Kusiyana Kwambiri: Kuphatikizika kwa Mankhwala
Nickel (Ni) ndi chromium (Cr) ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakulimbana ndi dzimbiri la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwawo ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi:
| Giredi | Zomwe zili mu Chromium (Cr) | Zamkati mwa Nickel (Ni) | Manganese (Mn) Okhutira | Kaboni (C) Zomwe zili mkati | Mbali Yosinthira |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira | 16%–18% | 3.5%–5.5% | 5.5%–7.5% | ≤0.15% | Amagwiritsa ntchito manganese wambiri m'malo mwa nickel kuti achepetse ndalama |
| 304 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira | 18%–20% | 8%–10.5% | ≤2% | ≤0.08% | Kuchuluka kwa nickel ndi chromium, palibe cholowa m'malo mwa manganese |
2. Kusiyana Kofunika Kwambiri pa Kagwiridwe Kantchito
(1) Kukana Kudzimbiritsa
- 201 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri: Chosalimba ndi dzimbiri. Chimatha kupirira malo ouma amkati kapena chinyezi pang'ono. Chimakonda kugwidwa ndi dzimbiri m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, acid-alkali, kapena okhala ndi nthunzi yamchere wambiri, makamaka pamalo olumikizirana.
- 304 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri: Cholimba kwambiri ndi dzimbiri. Chimatha kupirira chinyezi, ma asidi ofooka ndi ma alkali, komanso mvula ya panja. Ndi chisankho chachikulu cha zakudya zoyenera komanso zachikhalidwe, chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku zopewera dzimbiri.
(2) Katundu wa Makina
- Chitsulo Chosapanga Chitsulo 201: Kulimba kwambiri komanso mphamvu yayikulu pang'ono, koma kulimba kwake ndi kochepa poyerekeza ndi 304. Chimakonda kusweka pamene chikukonzedwa ndipo sichigwira ntchito bwino popindika ndi kutambasula.
- 304 Chitsulo Chosapanga Chitsulo: Cholimba komanso chosavuta kupindika, chosavuta kupindika, kusindikiza, ndi kusonkha. Sichimasintha kapena kusweka pambuyo pokonza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera kupanga zinthu zovuta.
(3) Kukana Kutentha Kwambiri
- 201 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira: Kukana kutentha kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 300℃; imatha kukhudzidwa ndi okosijeni ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kupitirira kutentha kumeneku.
- 304 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira: Kutentha kwakukulu kokana ndi pafupifupi 800℃, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha apakati komanso apamwamba monga ma uvuni ndi matanki amkati ophikira madzi.
(4) Mtengo
- Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri 201: Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kochepa kwa nickel, ndi chotsika mtengo ndi 30%–50% kuposa 304, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chamtengo wapatali chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
- 304 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira: Mtengo wake ndi wokwera, ndipo ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu za boma komanso zakudya.
3. Kuyerekeza Zochitika za Ntchito
| Mapulogalamu 201 a Zitsulo Zosapanga Dzimbiri | 304 Zopangira Mbale za Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri |
|---|---|
| Zokongoletsera zamkati zouma (mafelemu a zitseko, mashelufu, zikwangwani) | Zipangizo za kukhitchini (masinki, ziwiya za kukhitchini, makabati ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) |
| Zigawo zosanyamula katundu, zotchingira, maukonde oletsa kuba | Zipangizo zopangira chakudya, zipangizo zachipatala, mapaipi amadzi akumwa |
| Mipanda yakunja yosafunikira kwenikweni (malo omwe si a m'mphepete mwa nyanja/opanda dzimbiri kwambiri) | Makoma a nsalu zakunja, denga la khonde, matanki amkati ophikira madzi |
| Mashelufu osungiramo zinthu kwakanthawi, ngolo zonyamula anthu | Zidebe za mankhwala, zida zaukhondo, ma flask otsukira mpweya |
4. Malangizo Odziwira Mwachangu
- Kulowetsa Magnet: 201 ili ndi manganese ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi maginito amphamvu kuposa 304, kotero imalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi maginito. 304 ilibe maginito kapena maginito ofooka.
- Kuyang'ana Mawonekedwe: 201 ili ndi kuwala kochepa pamwamba ndipo imakonda kukhala ndi mawanga a dzimbiri, pomwe 304 ili ndi malo owala komanso oyera omwe sakhala ovuta kuchita dzimbiri mutagwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Mayeso a Mankhwala Othandizira: Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ozindikiritsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Akagwa pa mbale, 201 idzasanduka yofiira mofulumira, pomwe 304 sikuwonetsa kusintha kwa mtundu (kolondola kwambiri, koyenera kuyesedwa pamalopo).
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-18-2025