Monga gulu lofunika la mbale zachitsulo, mbale zotengera zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'makampani amakono. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kapadera komanso makhalidwe ake, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zotengera zopanikizika kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira kwambiri pakukaniza, kutentha ndi dzimbiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Kapangidwe kapadera ndi magwiridwe antchito
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a mbale zosungiramo zinthu kamapangidwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zoyambira, zinthu monga chromium, nickel, molybdenum, ndi vanadium zimawonjezedwa malinga ndi malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito komanso zofunikira pakugwira ntchito. Kuwonjezeredwa kwa zinthuzi kungathandize kwambiri kulimbitsa mphamvu, kulimba, kukana dzimbiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa mbale zosungiramo zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zovuta.
Ponena za makhalidwe a makina, ma plate a ziwiya ali ndi mphamvu komanso kulimba kwabwino kwambiri. Mphamvu zambiri zimawathandiza kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu popanda kusinthika kapena kusweka; kulimba bwino kumatha kupewa kusweka kosalimba pansi pa mphamvu zakunja monga kugunda kapena kugwedezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zigwire ntchito bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, magwiridwe ake abwino a welding ndi magwiridwe antchito ake opangira zinthu zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga zotengera zopanikizika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zofunikira kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo.
Magulu olemera komanso osiyanasiyana
Malinga ndi miyezo yosiyanasiyana, mbale za chidebe zimatha kugawidwa m'njira zambiri. Malinga ndi cholinga chake, zitha kugawidwa m'magawo a chitsulo chopondereza mpweya, chitsulo chopondereza mpweya chotsika kutentha, chitsulo chopondereza mpweya chotsika kutentha, mbale yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chophatikizana ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero. Chitsulo chopondereza mpweya chotsika kutentha ndi choyenera kutentha kwapakati ndi kwabwinobwino, kutentha kwapakati ndi kotsika, ndipo ndi chinthu chofala chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri; chitsulo chopondereza mpweya chotsika kutentha chili ndi kulimba kwabwino kutentha kochepa ndipo chimayenera malo ogwirira ntchito otentha kwambiri; chitsulo chopondereza mpweya chotsika kutentha chimatha kusunga magwiridwe antchito okhazikika pamalo otentha kwambiri ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pa malo ogwirira ntchito otentha kwambiri; mbale yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chophatikizana ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimaphatikiza kukana dzimbiri kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi mphamvu ya chitsulo wamba, ndipo chimayenera malo okhala ndi zofunikira zapadera pakukana dzimbiri.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mbale za ziwiya zitha kugawidwa m'magawo a ziwiya zachitsulo cha kaboni, mbale za ziwiya zachitsulo cha alloy chochepa ndi mbale za ziwiya zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Mapepala a ziwiya zachitsulo cha kaboni ali ndi mtengo wotsika komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino; mbale za ziwiya zachitsulo cha alloy chochepa zakweza kwambiri mphamvu, kulimba komanso kukana dzimbiri powonjezera zinthu za alloy; mbale za ziwiya zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale omwe ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakukana dzimbiri monga makampani opanga mankhwala ndi chakudya chifukwa cha kukana kwawo dzimbiri bwino.
Magawo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito
Ma plate a kontena ali ndi ntchito zambiri ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale monga mafuta, makampani opanga mankhwala, malo opangira magetsi, ma boiler, ndi zina zotero. Mumakampani opanga mafuta, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida monga ma reactor, ma heat exchanger, ma separators, ma tangi ozungulira, ma tangi a mafuta ndi gasi, ndi ma tangi a gasi osungunuka. Zipangizozi ziyenera kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta monga kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, ndi dzimbiri lamphamvu. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ma plate a kontena kumapereka chitsimikizo chodalirika kuti ntchito yawo ikhale yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika.
Mu gawo la malo opangira magetsi ndi ma boiler, ma container plate amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga ma boiler drums ndi ma nuclear reactor pressure vessels. Ma boiler drums amafunika kupirira nthunzi yotentha kwambiri komanso yothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa zipangizo; ma nuclear reactor pressure vessels amagwirizana ndi magwiridwe antchito otetezeka a ma nuclear power plants, ndipo miyezo yokhwima kwambiri imayikidwa pa ubwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma container plates.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala, chakudya, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi mafakitale ena, mbale zosungiramo zinthu zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zotengera zosiyanasiyana zosungiramo zinthu ndi zoyatsira kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zapadera zamakampani pa ukhondo, kukana dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero.
Kutumiza kosiyanasiyana
Mkhalidwe wa mbale zotumizira umaphatikizapo kupondaponda kotentha, kupondaponda kolamulidwa, kusinthasintha, kusinthasintha + kutenthetsa, kutenthetsa + kuzima (kutenthetsa), ndi zina zotero. Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana operekera amapangitsa mbale zotumizira kukhala ndi mabungwe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mu mkhalidwe wopondaponda, mtengo wa mbale yachitsulo ndi wotsika, koma magwiridwe antchito ndi ofanana; kupondaponda kolamulidwa kumatha kuyeretsa tirigu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa mbale yachitsulo mwa kuwongolera molondola magawo a njira yopondaponda; kusinthasintha kungapangitse kapangidwe ka mbale yachitsulo kukhala kofanana ndikukweza mawonekedwe a makina; kusinthasintha + kutenthetsa kumatha kuchotsa kupsinjika kwamkati, kukonza kulimba ndi kukhazikika kwa miyeso; kusinthasintha ndi kutenthetsa kungapangitse mbale yachitsulo kupeza kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri kwa mphamvu yayikulu ndi kulimba kwabwino.
Kusankha momwe zinthu ziyenera kukhalira kumafunika kuganizira bwino zinthu monga momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ukadaulo wokonzera zinthu, komanso mtengo wa chidebecho. Mwachitsanzo, pazida zopondereza zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupsinjika ndi kukhudzidwa, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kutentha ndi kuzizira; pomwe pazida zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwononga ndalama komanso zomwe sizigwira ntchito bwino, mbale zopondereza zotentha kapena zokhazikika zingakhale zoyenera kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-22-2025